Origin of Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence is a branch of Science which deals with helping machines to find solutions to complex problems in a more human-like fashion. A useful tool for cognitive researchers, artificial intelligence is the branch of computer science concerned with creating simulations that model human cognition. In addition to serving as a research tool, artificial intelligence also contains a scientific aspect, focusing on studying cognitive behavior of machines. [refrence : [https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7542339]]
With origins dating back to the 1950s Artificial Intelligence is not necessarily new. With an increasing number of real-world implications over the last few years, however, interest in AI has been reignited over the last few years.
1950: Turing, who came up with the idea that a machine that could converse with humans without the humans knowing that it is a machine would win the “imitation game” and could be said to be “intelligent”.
1956: American computer scientist John McCarthy organized the Dartmouth Conference, at which the term ‘Artificial Intelligence’ was first adopted.
1960: In late 60’s computer scientists worked on Machine Vision Learning and developing machine learning in robots.
1972: WABOT-1, the first ‘intelligent’ humanoid robot, was built in Japan in 1972.
1970-90: In spite of well-funded global effort over several decades, computer scientists found it incredibly difficult to create intelligence in machines. To be successful, AI applications (such as vision learning) required the processing of enormous amount of data. Computers were not well-developed enough to process such a large magnitude of data. Governments and corporations were losing faith in AI. Therefore, from the mid-1970s to the mid-1990s, computer scientists dealt with an acute shortage of funding for AI research. These years became known as the ‘AI Winters’.
1990: In late 1990s, American corporations once again became interested in AI. The Japanese government unveiled plans to develop a fifth generation computer to advance of machine learning. AI enthusiasts believed that soon computers would be able to carry on conversations, translate languages, interpret pictures, and reason like people.
1997: IBM’s Deep Blue became the first computer to beat a reigning world chess champion, Garry Kasparov.
2000: AI funding dried up when the dotcom bubble burst in the early 2000s.
As the time passed exponential gains in computer processing power and storage ability allowed companies to store vast, and crunch, vast quantities of data for the first time and soon than AI became talk of the town.
Introduction
John McCarthy first established the term artificial intelligence in 1956; John is often known as the father of artificial intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is a branch of science that helps computers find solutions to different complex problems in a similar way to human beings. This typically involves borrowing features from human intelligence, and incorporating them in a computer-friendly way as algorithms. In addition to computer science, artificial intelligence is related to mathematics, psychology, perception, biology and philosophy.
refrence : [https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7542339]
Artificial intelligence, a useful tool for cognitive researchers, is the branch of computer science concerned with creating simulations that model human cognition. In addition to acting as a research tool, there is also a scientific aspect of artificial intelligence, which focuses on understanding computer cognitive behavior.
refrence :[https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5764005]
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Depending on the criteria defined a more or less versatile or efficient approach may be taken, which affects the artificial appearance of intelligent behavior. It is the science and engineering of making smart machines, especially smart computer programs. It is related to the similar task of understanding human intelligence by using computers. The basic concept present in artificial intelligence is to build machines that can make their own decisions without programming directly. It looks dumb in early days like science, but now, with different advances in artificial intelligence technology, artificial intelligence is becoming reality.
In different areas, such as game play, speech recognition, computer vision, expert systems, the applications of Artificial Intelligence can be seen. Siri and iPhone apps are examples of artificial intelligence that help users perform tasks on iPhone or vehicle recognition systems using a number plate that records the speeding number plate of the vehicle and extracts the information to identify the vehicle owner.